National parks in India are IUCN category II protected areas. India’s first national park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park , now known as Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand. By 1970, India only had five national parks. In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger in 1973 to safeguard the habitats of conservation reliant species.
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National parks in India Overview
Further federal legislation strengthening protection for wildlife was introduced in the 1980s.There are 106 existing national parks in India covering an area of 43,716 km2, which is 1.33% of the geographical area of the country (National Wildlife Database, Dec. 2020). In addition to the above, 75 other National Parks covering an area of 16,608 km2 are proposed in the Protected Area Network Report (Rodgers & Panwar, 1988). The network of parks will go up 176 after full implementation of the above report.
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National Parks of India is an integral part of Indian geography and Environment. This topic is very relevant from the point of view of competitive examination. National park is a natural park for conservation purposes, created and protected by national governments. India has a total of 104 national parks. We have come up with an article that will provide full insights of national park in India, along with Wildlife Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves, and Community Reserve.
National parks in India
According to the Indian Ministry of Environment & Forests, a national park is “[a]n area, whether within a sanctuary or not, [that] can be notified by the state government to be constituted as a National Park, by reason of its ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological, or zoological association or importance, needed to for the purpose of protecting & propagating or developing wildlife there in or its environment. No human activity is permitted inside the national park except for the ones permitted by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the state under the conditions given in CHAPTER IV, WPA 1972”.
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National parks in India
Protected Areas of India
Protected areas or conservation areas are locations that receive protection because of their recognized natural, ecological or cultural values. They are defined according to the guidelines prescribed by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). There are mainly four types of protected areas which are:
- National Park
- Wildlife Sanctuaries
- Conservation reserves
- Community reserves
1. National Parks and recent updates
- There are a total of 106 national parks in India that covers an area of about 1.33% of the geographical area of India.
- First National Park in India: Jim Corbett National Park (previously known as Hailey National Park), which was established in 1936.
- By 1970, India only had five national parks.
- In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger in 1973 to safeguard the habitats of conservation reliant species.
- Hemis National Park is commonly known as the largest National Park in India which is located in J&K state.
- No human activity/ rights is allowed except for the ones permitted by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the state in the national park.
- Kaziranga in Assam has become 1st national park in India to have been equipped with satellite phones.
- Raimona Reserve Forest declared as Sixth National Park of Assam.
2. Wildlife Sanctuaries
- There are 566 existing wildlife sanctuaries in India, covering an area of 122420 km2, which is 3.72% of the geographical area of the country (National Wildlife Database, Dec. 2020).
3. Conservation reserves
- These categories added in the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act of 2002.
- Buffer zones between established national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and reserved and protected forests of India.
- Uninhabited and completely owned by the Government.
- It covered 0.08% geographical area of India.
4. Community reserves
- These categories added in the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act of 2002.
- Buffer zones between established national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and reserved and protected forests of India.
- Used for subsistence by communities and community areas because part of the land is privately owned.
- It covered 0.002% geographical area of India.
Acts related to wildlife
- Wildlife Protection Act 1972
- Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974
- Forest Conservation Act 1980
- Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981
- Environment Protection Act 1986
- Biological Diversity Act 2002
- Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Rights) Act 2006
Projects related to wildlife
- Project Tiger 1973
- Operation Crocodile 1975
- Project Rhinoceros 1987
- Project Elephant 1992
- Project Snow Leopard 2009
List of National Parks in India (State-wise)
Check the state-wise list of important national Parks of India below.
| States | National park | Remarks |
| Andhra Pradesh | Sri Venkateswara National Park | – |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Mouling National Park | – |
| Namdapha National Park | Flying squirrel | |
| Assam | Kaziranga National Park | One-Horned Rhinoceros, UNESCO World Heritage Site |
| Dibru-Saikhowa National Park | Feral horse, Golden Langur | |
| Manas National Park | Golden Langur, Red Panda, UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
| Nameri National Park | – | |
| Orang National Park | – | |
| Raimona Reserve Forest | ||
| Dehing Patkai National Park | in July 2020 Assam government decided to upgrade the Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary into National Park. | |
| Bihar | Valmiki National Park | – |
| Chhattisgarh | Indravati National Park | – |
| Kanger Valley National Park | – | |
| Guru Ghasi Das (Sanjay) National Park | – | |
| Goa | Mollem National Park | – |
| Gujarat | Gir Forest National Park | Asiatic lion |
| Blackbuck National Park | Black Buck | |
| Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch | – | |
| Haryana | Kalesar National Park | – |
| Sultanpur National Park | – | |
| Himachal Pradesh | Pin Valley National Park | – |
| Great Himalayan National Park | UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
| Inderkilla National Park | – | |
| Khirganga National Park | – | |
| Simbalbara National Park | – | |
| Jammu & Kashmir | Dachigam National Park | Kashmir stag |
| Hemis National Park | Largest National Park in India | |
| Kishtwar National Park | – | |
| Salim Ali National Park | – | |
| Jharkhand | Betla National Park | Forest owlets, Sloth bear, Bison |
| Karnataka | Dandeli National Park | – |
| Nagarhole National Park (Rajiv Gandhi National Park) | – | |
| Bandipur National Park | – | |
| Bannerghatta National Park | Sloth Bear | |
| Kerala | Pambadum Shola National Park | – |
| Eravikulam National Park | Nilgiri Tahr (found in western ghats) | |
| Mathikettan Shola National Park | – | |
| Silent Valley National Park | Lion-tailed macaque (found in western ghats) | |
| Anamudi Shola National Park | – | |
| Periyar National Park | – | |
| Madhya Pradesh | Bandhavgarh National Park | – |
| Pench National Park | – | |
| Kanha National Park | – | |
| Panna National Park | ||
| Pench National Park | – | |
| Sanjay National Park | – | |
| Satpura National Park | – | |
| Maharastra | Sanjay Gandhi National Park | – |
| Chandoli National Park | – | |
| Navegaon National Park | – | |
| Tadoba National Park | – | |
| Manipur | Keibul Lamjao National Park | Sangai or Dancing Deers, Only floating park in the world |
| Sirohi National Park | – | |
| Meghalaya | Balphakram National Park | Red Panda |
| Nokrek National Park | Red Panda, UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve | |
| Mizoram | Murlen National Park | – |
| Phawngpui Blue National Park | – | |
| Nagaland | Ntangki National Park | – |
| Odisha | Similipal National Park | – |
| Bhitarkanika National Park | Mangroves, Saltwater crocodile | |
| Rajasthan | Keoladeo National Park | UNESCO World Heritage Site |
| Sariska National Park | – | |
| Ranthambore National Park | – | |
| Mukundra Hills (Darrah) National Park | – | |
| Desert National Park | Great Indian bustard | |
| Sikkim | Khangchendzonga National Park | UNESCO World Heritage Site, Musk Deer |
| Tamil Nadu | Mudumalai National Park | – |
| Mukurthi National Park | Nilgiri tahr | |
| Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) National Park | – | |
| Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park | – | |
| Telangana | Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park | – |
| Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park | – | |
| Tripura | Bison(Rajbari) National Park | – |
| Clouded Leopard National Park | – | |
| Uttarakhand | Rajaji National Park | – |
| Jim Corbett National Park | First National Park of India. (previously known as Hailey National Park) | |
| Gangotri National Park | – | |
| Valley of Flowers National Park | – | |
| Nanda Devi National Park | UNESCO World Heritage Site, UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve, Snow Leopard (Himalayan region) | |
| Uttar Pradesh | Dudhwa National Park | – |
| West Bengal | Sunderbans Wildlife Sanctuary | UNESCO World Heritage Site, Royal Bengal Tigers |
| Jaldapara National Park | Indian rhinoceros | |
| Buxa National Park | – | |
| Neora Valley NationalPark | – | |
| Gorumara National Park | – | |
| Andaman and Nicobar | Mahatama Gandhi Marine (Wandoor) National Park | – |
| Mount Harriett National Park | – | |
| Rani Jhansi Marine National Park | – | |
| Saddle Peak National Park | – | |
| Campbell Bay National Park | – |
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